Valve for engines and the like



Nov. 26, 1940. A, G,` F. wALLGREN VALVE FOR ENGINES AND THE LIKE Filed Aug. 15, 1939 2 Sheets-Sheet Al Nav. 26, 1940. A. G. F. WALLGREN 2,222,730

VALVE Fo'R ENGINES AND THE LIKE Filed Aug. 15, 1939 2 Sheets-#Sheet 2 /04 9g /ao 7a l f4 'L94 I 76 75 //4 I 4 I 7o 7o I fz 7' I JZ (6 l 2 ZZ 2s za 6 Patented Nov. 26,

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,222,731; VALVE Foa ENGINES AND 'me Lum The present invention has particular reference August Gunnar Sweden, assigner to Muniatell, Eskilstuna, ot Sweden Ferdinand Wallgren,

Eskilstuna. Aktiebolaget Bolinder- Swedcm a corporation In Sweden August 16, 1938 15 Claims.

relates to valves and to cylinder valves for internal combustion engines.

The invention when used in conjunctio it is to be limited to understood that the use in such enginetstructures but may such use, although invention is not pressors, or the like.

In the operation of internal combustion engines, particularly two s through such valve.

This arrangement has troke cycle engines, the

heretofore not provided va completely satisfactory solution to the problem since poppet valves oi the kind ordinarily which 1s actuated .hrough the cylinder st 'alve provides numerous iameter o! this type.

With such type of valve. 1 employed as an exhaust :ct contact with the h er and exhaust gases,

i mounting the valve to msion and contraction ructure. Such type of advantages because of particularly when it valve subject to diigh temperature cylindimculty is encountered permit the requisite exoi' the movable valve member, particularly the valve head, with respect to the cylinder structure, which is induced by the difference in operating temperature between the relatively hot valve and the relative- 1y cool cylinder structure. either involve the danger of sticking or binding of the valve or resort to constructions which, because of excessive clearances, permit undesirable leakage of gases between the cylinder structure and the moving valve parts.

In accordance with the present invention, improved valve structure is provided whereby the advantages of the ring-shaped type of valve may be availed of while at the same time the disadvantages inherent in such type of 'valve as previously constructed are eliminated and the valve without binding and past the valve parts.

The manner in which the objects of the invention are attained and the advantages to be derived from its use may best be understood jby a consideration of the ensuing portion of this specication in which there are described by way of example. but without limitation, suitable forms of valve structure embodying the principles of the invention.

Referring now to the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a central longitudinal section of the 30 upper portion of an engine cylinder provided with a preferred form of valve construction embodying theinvention; y i

Fig. 2 is a section on larger scale showing a portion ofthe structure illustrated in Fig. 1:

Fig. 3 is a section taken on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2:

Fig. 4 is a l and 2;

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary section showing another form of construction of a part of the structure shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 6 is a section taken on the line 8 8 of Fig. 5;

Fig. 7 is a section of a cylinder head showing 45 another form of valve construction; and

Fig. 8 is a side view on a reduced scale showing a part of the structure illustrated in Fig. 7, which part is imagined to be straightened out in a plane. 50

Referring now more particularly to Figs. 1 to 4, inclusive, I0 designates the upper portion of an internal combustion engine cylinder, in which is located piston l2. The cylinder lil is provided with a head i4 which in the embodiment illusne planview of a part shown in Figs.

Prior constructions 5 the required clearance.

trated is detachable from the cylinder but which in so far as the present invention is concerned may be made integral therewith'. The head i8 constitutes s. part ofthe rigid cylinder structure.

In the embodiment shown, which may be of the two stroke cycle injection type, the fuel injector is indicated at I8, for central injection of fuel.

These parts may be of any known construction- ,A ring-like valve member having a valve headl 26 is provided, the valve head having spaced annular inner and outer valve faces 28 and 36, respectively, adapted to co-act with the valve seats in the cylinder head.

A peripherally extending projection or ange 32 extends through the valve opening lli in radially spaced relation to the valve seats 2li and 22 and has connected thereto a plurality of circumferentially spaced valve stems 34 which advantageously may be three in number and two of which are shown in Fig. l. e

In the event the cylinder head is liquid cooled, as is usually the case, one or more connecting passages such as shown at 38 may be desirable in ordervto provide for proper drainage of the jacket spaces in the head and in the event such connecting passages are employed, and are located at a relatively low level in the head in order to secure the desired drainage, the flange 32 on the valve may be provided at spaced intervals with recesses such as that shown at 38 to provide Referring now more particularly to Fig'. l2, the valve stems '34 are provided with guildes 40 of sleeve-like form through which the stems pass with a sliding fit sumciently tight to prevent appreciable gas leakage between the 'stems and the guides. The guides 40 are mounted. to permit lateral movement thereof cylinder structure provided by the head Il and in orderto provide such movement the lower portions of the guides are provided with guide surfaces l2 (Fig. 3) arranged to co-act in sliding relation with cooperating surfaces M on a mounting member in the form of an annular guide ring 48 which is rigidly located in the cylinder head, as by means of one or more pins 4B and which forms a part of the rigid cylinder structure. The guide surfaces I! and Il are arranged in each case so as to permit the valve guide 40 to move in radial direction (from the axis of the valve'as a center) with respect to the rigid guide part 4B and in order to permit such movement, substantial clearance in radial direction is provided between the outer surface `of the guide l and the opening in the part 46 in which the guide is located. Such clearance is indicated at Il in Fig. 3. It will thus be apparent that the guide surfaces operate todefinitely center the valve head in proper relation to the valve seats while at the same time permitting it and the associated valve stems to move radially so as to permit contraction and expansion thereof relative t the rigid cylinder structure. As shown in Fig. l, the valve seats and faces are preferably plane to readily against any binding vmechanical valve actuating gear, embodiment shown comprises the valve operating relative to the rigidA accesso permit lateral movement oi the valve head relative to the valve seats under-the iniiuence of contraction and expansion, without in any way interfering with the proper seating of the surfaces ag each other. 5

As shown in Fig. 2, the valve guides-'40` are preferably mounted by means of Cardan joint structure to permit them to tilt into a slightly oblique position, if required, in order to insure between the guides and the valve stems. To this end two Cardan rings! are interposed between the ange-like projection t 'at the lower end of the guides 40 and the rigid j parts of the cylinder structure. Each of the Cardan rings 52 is advantageously of known form, l5 as shown in Fig. 4, having two diametrically' op- 1 posed projections on one face and two diametrically opposed projections 50 on the opposite face offset 90 with respect to the projections 5l.

As will be seen from Fig. 2 one of the4 rings 52 is located between the upper face of the ange M and the lower face of an inwardly extending `nange B formed at the upper end of the'mounting ring 46, while the second ring is located between the lower face of ange M and the bottom of the recess in the cylinder head in which the parts are mounted.`

It is to be noted that the opening 82 in the cylinder head structure through which the valve stem extends into the gas passage is made to provide substantial clearance to permit radial movement of the valve stem without binding against the cylinder structure at this-point.

In the embodiment shown, the upper ends of the valve sten-:sare attached to a common valve operating member M adapted to be depressed to open the valve by means of any suitable form of which in the shaft 66 and a valve arm 68 (which may be forked), and whichl bears on the annular valve operating member il at one or more places. preferably through an adjustable connection such as that shown at 1l. i V

Openings 12 are provided in -the operating 45 member 64, which openings are suiliciently large to permit lateral movement of,the valve stems with respect to the member as will be evident from Fig. 2. In the construction illustrated in that figure, the valve stems are connected tothe member bymeans of studs or the like 1i, the heads of y which bear against the` upper face of member B4 and the stems of which are threaded into the valve stems.

In some instances it may be desirable to guide the valve operating member 84 by means oi the valve stems and an alternative construction suitable for this purpose is shown in Figs. 5 and 6. In this arrangement the member B4 is provided with radially extending slots providing guide sur- 6E faces 16 cooperating with surfaces on the outer ends 34' of the stems which are held in position by means of nuts or equivalent means, such securing means being sufficiently loose to permit radial sliding movement between the valve stems 6| and the member 84.

The valve-is closed by means of suitable spring means and in the embodiments illustrated, such means comprises springs 82 compressed between the operating member 8l and the fixed mounting 71 member 46. l v

A yieldable diaphragm S4 encircles each of the valve guides 40 and is fixed thereto and to the mounting member 46 associated therewith. Each of these diaphragms provides a seal between the 1 parts to which it is attached and the diaphragms action since the several valve stems are free to move radially in and out under the influence of such expansion and contraction. Even with the arrangement.

In this arrangement the valve stems guided in the cylinder head I4,

34a are with the lower part1 of the same, and tlt in their guides with a sliding t preventing appreciable gas leakage past the stems. Said lower parts of the guides are surrounded by channels BB for cooling liquid. The inner bore of the guides 86 is in metal connection with the cooling liquid whereby cooling movable surfaces of the guides ls facilitated. The valve head 26 and projectingflange 32 may be of the same general construction as that previously described. In the present ,nstance, however, the valve stems are connected ;o the valve head through members 90 which tre yieldable radially of the axis of the valve. Ihev members 90 are preferably oi' rectangular rr like cross section with greater dimensions in eripheral than in radial direction. The memers are at the same time suillciently rigid to reist the stresses acting upon the same, especialv when opening the valve. The peripheral exension of the members 80 increases towards the ange 32 as appears from Fig. 8. Preferably, ecesses 92 are provided in the base portion of ie members 90 in order to improve the resiliicy of the latter.

It has been found that the valve head 26 can and of the stems :pand and contract due to the yieldable consince the valve guides can struction of the members 90 without transmitting any binding force to the valve stems which would tend to make them bind in their guides. Preferably, the

86. The members 90 then take somewhat the position indicated stems 34a and their guides on starting the engine. Alternatively, the diameter of the valve head 2E may be so chosen that the yielding members 90 are slightly bent inwardly when the valve head is cold and slightly outwardly when it becomes warm.

The spring holding members 9| have in this embodiment recesses 9B tapering towards the valve head 26. The upper parts of the valve stems 34a are recessed as at 100. A sleeve |02 made intwo halves is provided with projections |04 engaging the recesses |00. The outer surfaces of the ring halves |02 are tapered in the same manner as the recess 98I of the members 9|. When assembling the valve construction the members 9| are displaced downwardly by cornpressing the springs 94, 96 until the ring halves |02 can be placed with their projections |04 in the recesses |00 of the stem 34a. Thereafter the springs 94, 96 are allowed to expand whereby the ring halves |02 enter the recess 98 of the members 9|.

The flange also has a second useful. function in that it assists in dissipating heat from the valve head, thereby tending to keep it at lower temperature. Even in cases where the valve is employed as an exhaust valve, the temperature gases in the cooled passage leadthrough the valve head from of the valve head which lies engine or compressor or its use as an inlet or an Also, it will be apparent that in the case of large cylinders or the like, two or employed both for the inlet and exhaust valves timed to open and close at different times.

It is accordingly to be understood that the invention embraces all forms of construction fall ing Within the scope of the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

lgApparatus o the character naam-im M prlsing rigid cylinder saidv opening,

structure having a ring shaped valve opening, a valve headlfor closing a plurality of valve stems connected to said head and extending through said cylinder structure, means for guiding said stems with respect to said cylinder structure and for preventing structure around said stems, and means ior permitting lateral expansion and contraction of the valve head with respect to said cylinder structure.

2. Apparatus of the character described cornprising rigid cylinder structure providing a ring shaped valve opening, a valve head for closing said opening, a plurality oi valve stems connected to said head and extending through said cylinder structure, valve guides for said stems, said guides fitting said stems relatively closely to prevent appreciable gas leakage past said stems when said valve is open, and a plurality of connections operatively associated with the valve structure fork permitting lateral expansion and contraction of the Valve head with respect to said rigid cylinder structure.

`3. Apparatus of the character described comprising rigid cylinder structure having a ring shaped-valve opening, a movable valve member comprising a valve head and a plurality o valve stems rigidly connected to said head and extending through said rigid cylinder structure, guides for said stems, said guides being mounted to permit movement thereof in radial direction with respect to said vcylinder structure, whereby to permit lateral expansion and contraction of the valve head with respect to the cylinder structure, and means providing a seal for preventing gas leakage past said movable guides when said valve is open.

4. Apparatus of the character described comprising rigid cylinder structure having a ring shaped valve opening, a valve member comprising a valve head and a plurality of valve stems rigidly connected thereto, guides for said stems, means for mounting said guides to permit radial movement thereof with respect to said rigid cylinder structure, whereby to permit lateral expansion. and contraction of the valve head with respect tothe cylinder structure, said mounting means including a Cardan connection for permitting said guides to tilt with respect to said cylinder structure, and sealing means around said guides for preventing gas leakage between the guides and the rigid cylinder structure.

5. Apparatus of the character described comprising rigid cylinder structure having a ring shaped valve opening, a movable valve member including a valve head for closing said opening and a plurality of valve stems rigidly connected to said head and extending through said cylinder structure, guides for said stems, means for mounting said guides to have lateral movement with respect to said cylinder structure,l and a yieldable diaphragm secured to each of said guides and to rigid cylinder structure to provide a gas tight seal between the guide and the rigid structure.

6. Apparatus of the character described comprising rigid cylinder structure having aring shaped valve opening, a 'movable valve member including a valve head for closing said opening and a plurality of valve stems rigidly connected to said head and extending through said cylinder structure, guides for said stems, a guide sleeve for each ofsaid stems. a mountingmember iixed gas leakage through said cylinder the stems in radial direction with respect to the ganarse l to the cylinder structure around each of said stems, said guide sleeves and mounting members having cooperating guide surfaces for permitting movement of the guide sleeves in radial direction only with respect to the ams ber, and a yieldable sealing diaphragm connecting each of said sleeves with its associated mounting member to prevent gas leakage therebetween when the valve is open.

7. `,apparatus of the character described comprising rigid cylinder structure providing a ring shaped valve opening `having radially spaced valve seats, a ring shaped valve head having faces adapted to engage said seats to close said openlng and a ring shaped projection extending between said seats and spaced therefrom into the passage controlled by said opening and a plurality of valve stems connected to said projec tion and extending through said cylinder structure to actuate said valve.

8. Apparatus of the character described comprising rigid cylinder structure providing an annular valve opening having radially spaced inner and outer valve seats, a movable valve member comprising a valve head having radially spaced innerA and outer valve faces adapted to engage said seats to close said opening, an annular iiange extending between said valve seats and spaced therefrom into the passage controlled by said valve opening, and a plurality o! valvev stems secured to said ange and extending through said cylinder structure for actuating the valve.

9. Apparatus of the character described comprising rigid cylinder structure having a ring shaped valve opening, a movable valve member comprising a valve head for closing said opening, and a plurality of peripherally spaced valve stemsrigldly connected to said head and extending through said cylinder structure, a common valve operating member engaging said stems externally of said cylinder structure, means for guiding said stems in said cylinder structure, said means permitting movement of cylinder structure and connections between said stems and said common operating member permitting radial movement only of the stems with respect to said member.

10. In an internal combustion engine, rigid 50 cylinder structure providing an annular exhaust valve opening in the cylinder head, a movable valve member having an annular valve head for closing said opening, an annular projection extending inwardly through said opening into the exhaust passage controlled thereby, a plurality of valvestems connected to said valve head and extendingthrough the cylinder head, means for guiding said stems in said head, said means including guide surfaces' permitting radial 0( movement of the stems relative to the cylinder head, and sealing means ior preventing leakage of exhaust gases between the rigid cylinder structure and the parts having relative radial movement with respect thereto. 01

ll. Apparatus of the character described comprising rigid cylinder structure having a ring shaped valve opening, a movable valve member including a valve head for closing said opening and a plurality o! valve stems extending through 7 and guided in said cylinder structure, and a connection between each of said valve stems and said valve head for permitting relative movement in radial direction between the valve head and the stems, whereby to permit tree lateral expansion 'l of the valve mem- B .prising rigid cylinder and contraction o! the valve head relative to said rigid cylinder structure.

12. Apparatus of the character described comstructure having a ring shaped valve opening, a movable valve member including a valve head for closing said opening and a plurality of valve stems extending through' and guided in said cylinder structure, and a ilexible connection yieldable in radial direction between each of said valve stems and said valve head for permitting relative movement in radial direction between the valve head and the stems.

13. Apparatus of the character described cornprising rigid cylinder structure having a ring shaped valve opening, a movable valve member including a valve head for closing said opening and a plurality of valve stems extending through and guided in said cylinder structure, and a flexible-connection yieldable in radial direction and rigid in peripheral direction between each of said valve stems and said valve head for permitting relative movement in radial direction between the valve head and the stems.

14. Apparatus of the character described comprising rigid cylinder structure having a ring shaped valve opening, a movable valve member including a valve head for closing said opening and a plurality of valve stems extendingl through and guided in said cylinder structure, and a connection between each oi' said valve stems and said valve head, each oi.' said connections having greater extent in peripheral direction than in radial direction and being yieldable in\the latter direction'to permit relative movement in radial direction between the valve head and the stems.

15. Apparatus of the character described comprising rigid cylinder structure having a ring shaped valve opening, a movable valve member including a valve head for closing said opening anda plurality of valve stems extending through and guided in said cylinder structure, and a connection yieldable in radial direction between each of said valve stems and said valve head for permitting relative mvement in radial direction between the valve head and the stems, the diameter of said valve head being related tcthe distance between the guides for said valve stems so that said connections are substantially free from radially directed forces due to expansion or contraction of the vaive head when the latter is at normal operating temperature.

AUGUST GUNNAR FERDINAND WALIREN 

